 Third in terms of area country in the world, after Russia and Canada, is a country of contrasting the different landscapes, people, lifestyles. In China, officially atheist, there are many Buddhists, Muslims and Christians, and followers of indigenous religion-philosophy: Confucianism and Taoism (the impact of culture, philosophy and religion on the Chinese people on their way to specify in the next super-parts).
The population, numbering over billion people, the fifth part of all humanity, consists of 55 officially recognized minorities such as Mongols, Tibetans, Kazakhs, Uighurs, Zhuang peoples, Miao Yi I. 93 percent of the population are Chinese.
In addition to the languages spoken by minorities, the Chinese language itself has many dialects of living, which, using the same can be understood by all who can read Chinese. Must accept that around 1 000 000 000 people, that is, every fourth person on the globe, uses any of the varieties of Chinese. Actually, there is talk about a group of Chinese language, however, the situation here is specific due to numerous important factors of integration, such as writing, language policy of the Chinese authorities, a sense of unity among Chinese people speaking different varieties of Chinese. History of China's last century was very dramatic. After thousands of years of proud isolation under the rule of many dynasties of emperors, the country has reacted slowly to the threat of Western imperial powers in the nineteenth century. In 1838, the Emperor attempted to destroy the opium trade - commodity by European traders - with disastrous results. The Opium War, China has been humiliated by Britain and forced to withdraw its Hong Kong. This was the beginning of a disastrous period for that country. China not only to become dependent on the West, then from Japan, which after a short war had departed Taiwan, but also have deep internal divisions. China remain strong central government, the attempt to unite the country taken as a republic by Sun Yatsen. Over the next several decades, the Chinese Communists, nationalists and the local military commanders waged a bitter, destructive war for power. The internal chaos in China, intensified invasion digested imperial ambitions of Japan. It crippled the city and communication, and caused enormous losses in population. AFTER the defeat and withdrawal of the Japanese at the end of World War II, on the battlefield were the communists and nationalists, and the struggle for supremacy over China broke out anew. The Civil War, which resulted in 11-12 million. victims. The Chinese Communist Party won under the leadership of Mao Zedong and took all of mainland China. Just when the country began to wield unaccountable Mao, he turned to the Soviet Union for advice, how to build a new socialist state. For the West to extend Communist power to all areas of life in China has meant a threat to world peace. State intervention measure in Tibet, in the Korean War, a clash with India could undermine the global balance. Proved to be fragile, however, China's agreement with the Soviet Union. Russian as abandoning Mao's modernization of the country, began the so-called great leap - a powerful attempt to mobilize the whole nation and all natural resources to China's sudden growth. Mao's Great Leap Forward ended in disaster - have caused havoc in the economy. Mao feared that in his country of establishment, as in the USSR, bureaucratic elite - intellectual. For this reason, introduced the gigantic upheaval which had transformed China in a truly classless society - "cultural revolution". Teachers, technicians, artists, engineers removed from their posts and were sent to the countryside to work in the field. Now refers to this period as the decade of the "rule of destruction," and blamed the "gang of four" - a group of extreme radicals led by Mao's wife. The Cultural Revolution, contrary to expectations, had little impact on the style of Chinese foreign policy, which alone has used more balanced language. China began to establish contacts with the United States. After President Nixon's visit in Beijing was "relaxation". China gained most-favored-nation status in trade with the United States. Then evolved to improve relations with Japan and Western European countries and therefore trade with the world of capitalism. Power after Mao's death, passed into the hands of the moderates, led by Deng Xiaoping, vice-chairman of the Communist Party. A new management team rejected the ideological obsessions and determined retreat from the Cultural Revolution, joined the comprehensive modernization of the country. For the first time since 1949 and asked the West and Japan, the expertise, capital and technology - necessary for economic development. Re-admitted foreign tourists (no small source of foreign exchange) and to increase domestic production of material incentives were introduced. China's economy has been transformed again. (Presented above brief historical sketch is to show that the impact of history on today's economy and China's rise to power future construction.)
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